Glossary

Grouped the way the application's own glossary groups them: dispatch and sizing, battery lifecycle, tariffs and time-of-day, financial terms, and units. Where a term ships with a default value or range, it is given here.

Dispatch and sizing

DFR (Delivery Fulfilment Ratio) — The fraction of required or contracted energy actually delivered in a given window: delivered ÷ required. Tracked at four granularities — 15-minute, Peak-hour, Off-Peak and Overall Monthly — plus an Annual figure. Falling short of a window's target triggers a shortfall penalty. Default targets: 15-min DFR Target 0% (off), Peak-hour DFR Target 90%, Off-Peak DFR Target 80%, Overall Monthly DFR 90%, Annual DFR Target 0% (off). See Delivery Fulfilment Ratio (DFR).

Contracted Capacity (CC) — The firm load or capacity the plant is obligated to serve, either a fixed MW value or a time-varying 15-minute profile. DFR and the CUF cap are both measured against it. Default Fixed Value is 1.6 MW.

Dispatch — The per-15-minute rule deciding whether the battery charges, discharges or idles at each simulation step. The application selects one of five mutually exclusive dispatch branches per run: Standalone, CC-firming, Generation-charged Peak-Shift, Peak/Off-Peak, and Cycle-mode. See How dispatch works.

• Peak-shift — The Peak-Shift dispatch checkbox's mode: generation charges the battery first, and it discharges only inside the selected Peak window to meet the Contracted Capacity, with no obligation — and no penalty — outside that window. Off by default.
• CC-firming — The dispatch used when the Peak-hour set is left explicitly empty, all 24 hour checkboxes unticked: it firms the Contracted Capacity every hour of the day instead of only in a Peak window.

RTE (Round-Trip Efficiency) — The fraction of energy recovered from one full charge/discharge cycle, including auxiliary losses. The model applies the square root of RTE separately to the charge leg and the discharge leg. Default 78%, range 50–99%.

DoD (Depth of Discharge) — The fraction of nameplate energy usable per cycle. Default 90%, range 50–100%.

SOH (State of Health) — The battery's remaining capacity relative to nameplate as it ages; usable energy is nameplate × DoD × SOH. Starting SOH default 100%, range 50–100%. See The battery model.

C-rate — The BESS power-to-energy sizing ratio, Power ÷ Energy (MW ÷ MWh). Default 0.25, range 0.1–2.0.

Battery lifecycle

Battery EOL (End-of-Life) — The point at which the pack is considered exhausted and is replaced or augmented. Selectable basis, default In Years: in years (default 20, range 5–30) or in total cycles (Rated Cycle Life default 6000, range 100–20,000). See Degradation and end-of-life.

EFC (Equivalent Full Cycle) — One full nameplate-energy charge/discharge equivalent. Annual EFC throughput is annual discharge energy ÷ rated usable energy, and it accumulates against the Rated Cycle Life to find the cycle-basis end-of-life year.

Replacement vs Augmentation — The two end-of-life strategies. Replacement is a full pack swap at the end-of-life year — the default. Augmentation tops the pack up with additional MWh tranches instead, either automatically restoring nameplate every end-of-life-interval year — the default sub-mode — or on a manually scheduled table of year and capacity. A new tranche degrades from its own install year and books its own CAPEX.

Tariffs, pricing and time-of-day

PPA tariff — The contracted price paid per kWh of delivered energy. Default 5.0 Rs/kWh, range ≥ 0.1 Rs/kWh; may escalate annually via PPA Tariff Escalation, default 0%/yr. See Tariffs, export and penalties.

Export price — The price paid for surplus energy sold to a third party — a flat rate or a 15-minute CSV series, such as a power-exchange clearing-price feed — distinct from the PPA tariff. Default Fixed Price mode, 0.0 Rs/kWh.

Grid-charging price — The price paid for grid energy used to charge the battery: always, on a Standalone project; only as worst-case backup, on a generation-backed one. Default 0.0 Rs/kWh.

CUF cap (Annual CUF Cap) — An optional ceiling on how much delivered energy is paid at the PPA tariff: cap (MWh) = cap % × Contracted Capacity × 8760. Energy above the cap is paid at the export price instead. Off by default; cap % default 28.0 when enabled.

ToD (Time-of-Day) peak / off-peak — The 24 hourly checkboxes on the ⏰ Peak tab, splitting the day into Peak hours (the battery discharges first, then charges from any excess) and Off-Peak hours (the battery charges first, and the remainder meets the Contracted Capacity). Default ticked: 18:00 to 21:00, 4 hours.

Financial terms

IRR (Internal Rate of Return) — The discount rate at which project NPV equals zero. The headline Project IRR excludes debt, tax and salvage value. See Return metrics.

Equity IRR — IRR of the levered equity cash-flow stream: EBITDA minus interest, principal and levered tax. Computed only when Enable debt (levered analysis) is on. See Debt and tax.

NPV (Net Present Value) — The discounted sum of project cash flows at the Discount Rate (NPV), default 10%.

Payback (simple / discounted) — The year cumulative — or discounted-cumulative — project cash flow first turns non-negative, linearly interpolated within the year.

DSCR (Debt-Service Coverage Ratio) — (EBITDA minus levered tax minus reinvestment) ÷ (interest plus principal) for the year, reported as a minimum and an average across the debt tenor. Only meaningful when Enable debt (levered analysis) is on.

DSRA (Debt-Service Reserve Account) — A reserve funded upfront alongside equity, sized as (DSRA months ÷ 12) × the first year's interest plus principal. Default 0 months.

MoIC (Multiple on Invested Capital) — Sum of positive cash inflows ÷ initial outlay.

PI (Profitability Index) — (NPV + CAPEX) ÷ CAPEX. A PI above 1 is value-accretive.

WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) — The after-tax blended cost of equity and debt, computed only for levered projects.

LCOE (Levelised Cost of Energy) — Total lifecycle cost ÷ discounted energy, in Rs/kWh. The energy basis is selectable on the 🏦 Finance tab, default Energy delivered to load (default).

LCOS (Levelised Cost of Storage) — The same shape as LCOE, but over BESS-only CAPEX, OPEX and reinvestment, divided by discounted battery-discharge throughput — the cost of every kWh that actually passes through the battery.

Terminal / Salvage value — A residual value credited at the end of Project Life, as a % of total CAPEX. Default 0.0%, range 0–100%.

Working-capital carrying cost — A recurring finance cost modelling the gap between PPA billing and offtaker payment: receivables = annual revenue × (lag days ÷ 365); cost = receivables × (Working-Capital Rate + WC Facility Fee − Late-Payment Surcharge), deductible against EBITDA and tax. Zero when Receivable Lag is 0, the default. See Working capital.

Units

Crore (Cr) — Rs 1,00,00,000. The unit CAPEX, NPV and the Financials tab's figures are quoted in.

Lakh (Lac) — Rs 1,00,000. The unit O&M costs and DFR-shortfall penalties are quoted in.

MWh ↔ kWh — ×1000. The DFR-shortfall penalty formula, for example, converts an MWh shortfall to kWh by multiplying by 1000 before pricing it at the tariff.

15-min base — The simulation's native time step: 0.25 hours per step, 35,040 steps for a full year.

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